Modern jurisprudence

Juridical education

In the XX-th century in the developed countries of Western Europe, the North America and a number of other countries juridical education has extended extremely widely and became as though traditional. It is connected with the increased role of legal regulation of public relations in the modern states. Some reduction of number of law students was observed after the Second World War termination, however from the middle of 1950th years it has again considerably increased.
As a rule, in all countries there are faculties of law at universities, and also separate law schools where prepare shots for various links of the government, lawyers. However juridical education isn't unified till now and in each country is constructed on the. For example, in France after events of 1968 division of universities into faculties is cancelled, a number of the specialized educational centers (on the basis of the Parisian university — 13 educational centers, including 6 — legal specialities) instead is created.
In the USA, Great Britain, Germany and other countries the diploma of the lawyer grants the right to occupy purely legal posts and to work on a number of adjacent trades, but for work as the lawyer, in Office of Public Prosecutor, on some posts of machinery of state additional vocational training often is required. In France for employment of a judicial post or work as the lawyer it is necessary, having the diploma, to pass additional examinations and to receive one more diploma (the so-called qualifying certificate). In the Scandinavian countries, in Latin America of the diploma about juridical education, as a rule, it is enough for employment of any legal posts.

Juridical education is divided on some educational cycles. In the USA, Great Britain, Mexico and other countries 1st cycle lasts 3 years and ended degree of the bachelor of the right, 2nd cycle — 1 year (graduates get degree of the master of the driver's license) is awarded. At some universities there is 3rd cycle providing raised scientific preparation after which degree of the Doctor of Law) is appropriated. Juridical education includes two biennial cycles In France: the general preparation (upon termination of the diploma stands out) and specialization (the rank of the licentiate of the right is appropriated). The rank of the Doctor of Law is awarded ended an additional cycle of the raised level and written the dissertation.
In Europe association of national systems of the higher formation in a uniform zone (Bolonsky process) that influences including the juridical education organization in the countries entering into this zone (including Russia) recently is observed.
Graduates of the American faculties of law (the most prestigious in the world) 2009, according to the press, have serious problems with employment in connection with world financial crisis.